Harry Potter s Portrayal Of Magical Creatures - 2223 Words

Cichon7 Nicole Cichon Ms. Vyse English II Honors 15 March 2016 J. K. Rowling?s Portrayal of Magical Creatures in the Harry Potter Series as Compared to Creatures in Ancient Mythology The world famous book series, Harry Potter, has been an instant success worldwide. This series follows the life of a young boy, Harry Potter, in chronological order from the beginning to the end of his schooling. Harry Potter is schooled at a magical school somewhere in England, which is where the majority of the books take place. He is an adventurous boy who experiences many different quests and journeys with his loyal friends. This book series focuses mainly on the many magical creatures from many different types of mythology, some even including stories with Indian, Greek, or Roman backgrounds. J. K. Rowling, the author of the Harry Potter series, incorporates these magical animals into the stories? plots and help to convey several messages about Harry Potter. The mythical creatures that are the most prominent in Rowling?s series are the dragons and werewolves. T he dragon and werewolf both have origins found in mythology and are crucial to Rowling?s themes in the books Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, furthering the messages that Rowling is trying to portray to her audience. In the Harry Potter series, written by J. K. Rowling, Rowling uses two specific magical creatures that have many correlations to ancient mythology and help to widen theShow MoreRelatedMagical Beasts By Harry Potter1487 Words   |  6 PagesJulie Miner Ms. Vyse English II 12 April 2016 Magical Beasts Throughout the series of Harry Potter, many creatures appear in the books and put into greater detail in the movies. Were these famous magical creatures made up or compared to something similar in mythology and folklore? There are many famous creatures throughout the story that add curiosity to one?s mind when first reading about one. The feeling one may get is to be able to see what this creature is capable of doing in comparison to othersRead MoreHarry Potter And The Sorcerer s Stone1655 Words   |  7 Pages1. Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone By: J.K. Rowling 2. 309 pages The genre of this novel is a mix between fantasy and mystery. It takes place in an alternate universe at a school of witchcraft and wizardry. It also has an element of mystery, you are constantly trying to find out what has happened to Harry in his past. It also includes fictional creatures like fluffy the 3 headed dog and games like quidditch that resemble modern games like football and soccer. One theme from this book is friendshipRead MoreChildrens Literature13219 Words   |  53 PagesLocke: Late 1600s 8 3. Beginning of Children’s Literature: Late 1700s 10 4. Fairy and Folk Tales 12 The Golden Age of Children’s Literature: Late 1800s 12 5. Victorian Childrens Literature 16 6. Contemporary Childrens Literature 18 6. Analysis of Harry Potters’ series 21 7. Conclusion 30 8. Summary 31 Children’s Literature Definitions 31 The Ancient World [ancient Rome; 50 BCE to 500 CE] 31 The Middle Ages [500 to 1500 CE] 31 The European Renaissance [1500-1650 CE] 32 The 17th Century 34 The 18th and

Obsidian - Volcanic Glass Prized for Stone Tool Making

The volcanic glass called obsidian was highly prized in prehistory where ever it was found. The glassy material comes in a range of colors from black to green to bright orange, and it is found everywhere rhyolite-rich volcanic deposits are found. Most obsidian is a deep rich black, but, for example, pachuca obsidian, from a source in Hidalgo and distributed throughout Mesoamerica during the Aztec period, is a translucent green color with a golden yellow sheen to it. Pico de Orizaba, from a source in southeastern Puebla is almost completely colorless. Obsidian Qualities The qualities that made obsidian a favorite trade item are its shiny beauty, its easily worked fine texture, and the sharpness of its flaked edges. Archaeologists are fond of it because of obsidian hydration---a relatively secure (and relatively low cost) way to date the period an obsidian tool was last flaked. Sourcing obsidian--that is to say, discovering where the raw stone from a particular obsidian artifact came from--is typically conducted through trace element analysis. Although obsidian is always made up of volcanic rhyolite, each deposit has slightly different amounts of trace elements in it. Scholars identify the chemical fingerprint of each deposit through such methods as X-ray fluorescence or neutron activation analysis  and then compare that to what is found in an obsidian artifact. Alca Obsidian Alca is  a type of obsidian that is  solid and banded black, gray, maroon brown and bottled black maroon brown, that is found in volcanic deposits in the Andes mountains between 3700-5165 meters (12,140-16,945 feet) above sea level. The largest known concentrations of Alca are at the east rim of the Cotahuasi Canyon and in the Pucuncho basin. The Alca sources are among the most extensive sources of obsidian in South America; only the Laguna de Maule source in Chile and Argentina has comparable exposure.   Three types of Alca, Alca-1, Alca-5 and Alca-7, outcrop on the alluvial fans of the Pucuncho basin. These cannot be discerned with the naked eye, but they can be identified on the basis of geochemical characteristics, identified through ED-XRF and NAA (Rademaker et al. 2013). Stone tool workshops at the sources in the Pucuncho basin have been dated to the Terminal Pleistoceneand stone tools dated to the same 10,000-13,000 year range have been discovered at Quebrada Jaguay on the coast of Peru. Sources For information on dating obsidian ,  see the article on obsidian hydration. See the History of Glass Making, if thats what interests you. For more rock science on the substance, see the geology entry for obsidian. For the heck of it, try the Obsidian Trivia Quiz. Freter A. 1993. Obsidian-hydration dating: Its past, present, and future application in Mesoamerica. Ancient Mesoamerica 4:285-303. Graves MW, and Ladefoged TN. 1991. The disparity between radiocarbon and volcanic glass dates: New evidence from the island of Lanai, Hawaii. Archaeology in Oceania 26:70-77. Hatch JW, Michels JW, Stevenson CM, Scheetz BE, and Geidel RA. 1990. Hopewell obsidian studies: Behavioral implications of recent sourcing and dating research. American Antiquity 55(3):461-479. Hughes RE, Kay M, and Green TJ. 2002. Geochemical and Microwear Analysis of an Obsidian Artifact from the Brown Bluff Site (3WA10), Arkansas. Plains Anthropologist 46(179). Khalidi L, Oppenheimer C, Gratuze B, Boucetta S, Sanabani A, and al-Mosabi A. 2010. Obsidian sources in highland Yemen and their relevance to archaeological research in the Red Sea region. Journal of Archaeological Science 37(9):2332-2345. Kuzmin YV, Speakman RJ, Glascock MD, Popov VK, Grebennikov AV, Dikova MA, and Ptashinsky AV. 2008. Obsidian use at the Ushki Lake complex, Kamchatka Peninsula (Northeastern Siberia): implications for terminal Pleistocene and early Holocene human migrations in Beringia. Journal of Archaeological Science 35(8):2179-2187. Liritzis I, Diakostamatiou M, Stevenson C, Novak S, and Abdelrehim I. 2004. Dating of hydrated obsidian surfaces by SIMS-SS. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 261(1):51–60. Luglie C, Le Bourdonnec F-X, Poupeau G, Atzeni E, Dubernet S, Moretto P, and Serani L. 2006. Early Neolithic obsidians in Sardinia (Western Mediterranean): the Su Carroppu case. Journal of Archaeological Science 34(3):428-439. Millhauser JK, Rodrà ­guez-Alegrà ­a E, and Glascock MD. 2011. Testing the accuracy of portable X-ray fluorescence to study Aztec and Colonial obsidian supply at Xaltocan, Mexico. Journal of Archaeological Science 38(11):3141-3152. Moholy-Nagy H, and Nelson FW. 1990. New data on sources of obsidian artifacts from Tikal, Guatemala. Ancient Mesoamerica 1:71-80. Negash A, Shackley MS, and Alene M. 2006. Source provenance of obsidian artifacts from the Early Stone Age (ESA) site of Melka Konture, Ethiopia. Journal of Archaeological Science 33:1647-1650. Peterson J, Mitchell DR, and Shackley MS. 1997. The social and economic contexts of lithic procureent: obsidian from classic-period Hohokam sites. American Antiquity 62(2):213-259. Rademaker K, Glascock MD, Kaiser B, Gibson D, Lux DR, and Yates MG. 2013. Multi-technique geochemical characterization of the Alca obsidian source, Peruvian Andes. Geology 41(7):779-782. Shackley MS. 1995. Sources of archaeological obsidian in the Greater American southwest: An update and quantitative analysis. American Antiquity 60(3):531-551. Spence MW. 1996. Commodity or gift: Teotihuacan obsidian in the Maya region. Latin American Antiquity 7(1):21-39. Stoltman JB, and Hughes RE. 2004. Obsidian in Early Woodland Contexts in the Upper Mississippi Valley. American Antiquity 69(4):751-760. Summerhayes GR. 2009. Obsidian network patterns in Melanesia: Sources, characterisation, and distribution. IPPA Bulletin 29:109-123. Also Known As: Volcanic glass Examples: Teotihuacan and Catal Hoyuk are just two of the sites where obsidian was clearly considered an important stone resource.

Smart Goals. . By Attending Ashworth College, I Am Encouraged

SMART Goals By attending Ashworth College, I am encouraged to set my specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-based goals. First I want to mention my specific goal. This specific goal will map out my experience and knowledge with my associate’s degree. My objective is to finish my associate’s degree and publish a book, exercising my experience and degree. My aspiration is to become a successful author and speaker, by helping others. In finishing my degree and learning the essential tools, I will enhance my knowledge as an author. I desire to continue helping people change their lifestyles with an even higher education. As a bilingual artist, my reason for pursuing a higher education is doubly sought after and financially†¦show more content†¦Obtaining a publisher makes my goal of publishing a book more attainable. I have contacted a renowned publishing company distributed through Zondervan and Thomas-Nelson, who publish the Bible and top selling Chr istian artists. I have them lined up to release my book. I have the right amount of effort and the resources saved up to achieve it. Having an outline and rough draft completed in 2014 makes me confident that with my college certification; it will be rewritten with excellence. Along with my publishing goals, I will maintain my focus on my associate’s degree. I need better psychological understanding to go along with my communication skills to be a more effective writer and speaker. I will attain my degree in psychology in order to be persuasive in that regard. I will itemize each objective with a compact task according to my current environment in order to reach my goal. I will intentionally reevaluate my position given my circumstance in order to be realistic about my associate’s degree and book. The relevancy of attaining an associate’s degree in less than 2 years is significant. As a touring recording artist, speaker and author; my higher education will allow me to enhance my current calling. Publishing a book is also relevant because a psychology degree is fitting for all responsibilities I currently have as a bilingual artist. Years ago I thought even as many did, that being bilingual was a distracting disadvantage. However,Show MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagespostmodernism, and provides an advanced introduction to the heterogeneous study of organizations, including chapters on phenomenology, critical theory and psychoanalysis. Like all good textbooks, the book is accessible, well researched and readers are encouraged to view chapters as a starting point for getting to grips with the field of organization theory. Dr Martin Brigham, Lancaster University, UK McAuley et al. provide a highly readable account of ideas, perspectives and practices of organization. By

Education Essays †Distance Learning Classroom Free Essays

Distance Learning Classroom Distance Learning VS. Classroom Education is a lifetime investing. Education is a cardinal to success and for holding a better hereafter and a really promising calling. We will write a custom essay sample on Education Essays – Distance Learning Classroom or any similar topic only for you Order Now With the latest technological promotions present in our society, there are many picks to be educated and gain a grade. The traditional system of schoolroom instruction is here to remain but technological discoveries introduced a new manner of larning which is known as distance acquisition. Distance acquisition is the most convenient and effectual manner of gaining a grade in today’s society. Distance acquisition is designed to run into the demands of people draw a bead oning to gain a grade through categories conducted on-line via the cyberspace without the fusss of go toing categories inside the schoolroom. Distance acquisition is an first-class option particularly for grownups to gain a grade without go forthing their occupations. In add-on, out of school young persons who are forced to take a occupation due to economic and fiscal restraints can besides go on their instruction through distance acquisition. Furthermore, it is besides an effectual manner for full-time mas to gain their grade or finish school without giving their duties to their household. Furthermore, professionals are besides provided with agencies to heighten what they have already learned and go even more knowing through distance acquisition. This manner they have greater opportunities for calling development and a higher opportunity for a publicity. Harmonizing to Spodick ( 1995 ) , distance instruction or distance acquisition, has been around for a long clip and involves deriving knowledge outside of the traditional agencies of go toing categories at schools. Today, the popularity of online acquisition is turning quickly. As a affair of fact, there are 1000000s of pupils in the United States that are soon analyzing online. In add-on, there are besides abroad pupils who are besides taking up their degree online. Other states besides came up with their ain distance instruction plans. Willis ( n.d. ) noted that in order to turn to the challenge of supplying more educational chances without the fiscal load, establishments should develop distance instruction plans. Furthermore, these types of plans can supply grownups with another chance to gain a college instruction or those who failed to complete school due to clip restraints and disablements, and supply agencies for employees to review their cognition. Distance acquisition may hold created uncertainties to those who believe that it is merely through go toing regular categories in school and with face-to-face Sessionss with instructors that pupils can larn. However, through the old ages, surveies proved that distance instruction can supply quality instruction the same as or even more than with a schoolroom scene. Since distance acquisition is frequently compared with schoolroom acquisition, it is of import to observe the similarities and differences of these two. Prof. James Drogan ( n.d. ) pointed out that distance acquisition and schoolroom acquisition has the same instruction aims and capable affair. Normally the classs offered by an educational establishment in the formal schoolroom puting are besides being offered in its distance instruction plan. In add-on, the schoolroom professors are besides those carry oning categories in distance acquisition. Another similarity is that online and schoolroom classs have similar criterions of excellence in class plants. Both distance and schoolroom acquisition expect merely the best from pupils particularly with respect to their submitted end products, assignments and engagement in category treatments. Distance acquisition and schoolroom acquisition are besides marked by their differences. One large difference is the locale of the teaching-learning procedure. Distance acquisition is done online and practically any where at all every bit long as 1 has a computing machine with an internet entree while schoolroom acquisition requires pupils to travel to school and go to regular categories in face-to-face direction. Another difference lies in the sorts of pupils go toing the classs. In distance acquisition, the professor has a bigger possibility of learning pupils of different nationalities around the Earth because pupils have greater entree to it. Harmonizing to Abuso, Garcia, Labayan, and Baretto ( 1997 ) , instructors are cultural workers who reproduce civilization in the signifier of images, information, regulations, linguistic communication, attitudes and values. Distance larning provides the best agencies for instructors to make their duties as cultural workers because of the broad scope of pupils go toing distance instruction. Students come from different nationalities and have different cultural backgrounds which they can portion with their instructor and their fellow schoolmates online. The exposure to changing civilizations can enrich the cognition of pupils and do them more socially and culturally cognizant. Meanwhile schoolroom larning normally have really few foreign pupils, some of which are merely luck plenty to be portion of an exchange plan while some are those who can merely afford to go to schools in the United States. Class agendas besides differ between distance and schoolroom acquisition. When it comes to distance acquisition, there is no fixed category agenda unless the professor in charge requires pupils to travel online at a peculiar clip and twenty-four hours. Most of the clip, pupils can entree their practical schoolroom and contribute in the treatment boards on other activities on line at their ain convenience. Unlike with distance acquisition, schoolroom larning purely fellows a fixed agenda. Students can non merely come and travel as they pleased otherwise they will be marked late or even absent. Furthermore, Sherry ( 1996 ) noted that the purposes and ends of distance scholars besides vary from those of schoolroom scholars. For case, grownup scholars under distance instruction plans aim non merely to derive new cognition but besides get societal accomplishments like join forcesing and pass oning with others from different parts of the universe. Peoples used to believe of distance or online acquisition as the sort of instruction normally taken for granted. However, this changed after so many trials and thorough surveies were conducted and eventually this hi-tech manner of acquisition gained credence and regard from pedagogues and pupils likewise. So, what are the pros of distance acquisition compared with schoolroom larning? Distance larning allows larning in distant or distant locations to go possible since it is really accessible since all category or class demands will be complied on-line. In add-on, a practical schoolroom is accessible even in cyberspace coffeehouse and requires and needs merely a standard computing machine. On the other manus schoolroom instruction provides an synergistic agencies of larning since there are many pupils sharing each other ‘s thoughts and inquiring inquiries with the existent supervising of their professor. Distance and schoolroom acquisition besides have changing effects. One of the major jobs encountered in distance acquisition is the rapid alterations in engineering that create obstructions to accessing larning environments. Another large effect is the limited apprehension of effectual instruction methods which is brought approximately by the juvenility of online acquisition. Since it is about new to everybody, really few research were made to measure distance acquisition and measure the methods and schemes employed by distance acquisition professors. Furthermore, it consequences to doubt and incredulity of the effectivity of pupil comprehension and in larning extremely complex topics. On the other manus schoolroom acquisition besides has its ain effects which includes promoting inactive larning particularly to the instance of pupils whop are excessively diffident to pass on their thoughts or to inquire inquiries for elucidations. Furthermore, most schoolroom professors besides ignore single acquisition differences between pupils. Therefore, the schoolroom puting hinders the pupils ‘ opportunity to take part in category treatments since others normally dominate in category. Furthermore, schoolroom acquisition frequently neglects developing the higher thought accomplishments of pupils since professors do all the speaking most of the clip and spoon-feed pupils with information. Indeed, distance larning unfastened new chances for pupils and instructors. With the Internet, online grades have become a perfect option for persons who may happen trouble inscribing in a traditional schoolroom establishment. Online or distance instruction Teachs persons to multitask unlike in regular schoolroom environment. Distance larning provides ambitious activities wherein pupils have to utilize to several plans, maintain files, and electronic mail in order to acquire good classs and to win. The universe is invariably altering and as competition goes stiffer and stiffer in the occupation market, more people are in favour of distance acquisition. Adult pupils have greater opportunities to win in this sort of larning establishment since they are more full-blown and responsible. Most of these pupils have full-time occupations on households to look after, excessively. On the other manus traditional college pupils runing from 18-21 old ages can genuinely profit from the societal ambiance of a college campus. A college campus has many activities that, warrant exciting experience for them. However, those who are seeking grade for publicity intents or for calling promotions and personal growing and development, distance acquisition is the best pick. Regardless of one’ grounds for taking distance acquisition, it requires focal point, dedication, and motive. Distance acquisition is decidedly harder to concentrate in a practical schoolroom that in a traditional schoolroom because there are normally many distractions. For illustration, if one logs on to one’s practical category at the comfort of one’s place at one’s workplace, there are many noise that can destruct that person’s concentration like people speaking, music blasting from Television or wireless, and even kids playing. Another ground distance acquisition requires subject and adulthood is because of the fact that there are no professors straight in forepart of pupils to oversee and supervise every task.. Latest technological promotions help do distance larning more accessible to pupils around the universe. However, establishments offering this sort of instruction demand to measure invariably the impact of distance acquisition organisations and separate sections besides need to make procedures for communicating and sharing cognition. Furthermore, quality control processes besides necessitate to be developed and improved. Distance acquisition requires systematic alterations, fiscal support, and transmutation for educational stuffs to do them accessible online. Distance larning replies the call for a new acquisition environment that provides efficient and effectual direction in a convenient and more accessible mode. Distance larning serves as another means for people from different ages to gain grade at their ain gait with less force per unit area yet with the same quality direction as schoolroom acquisition. Mentions Abuso, J. , Garcia, F. , Labayan, F.C. , A ; Baretto, R. ( 1997 ) .Socio- cultural foundations of instruction. Philippines: UP Open University Press Drogan, J. ( n.d. ) .Online or distance larning versus schoolroom acquisition.( hypertext transfer protocol: www.sunymaritime.edu/Academics/Graduate % 20Program/distancevsclassroom.asp ten ) . Howell, S. , Williams, P. , and Lindsay, N. ( n.d. ) .Thirty-two tendencies impacting distance instruction: an informed foundation for strategic planninghypertext transfer protocol: //www.westga.edu/~distance/ojdla/fall63/howell63.html Sherry, L. ( 1996 ) .Issues in distance acquisition.International Journal of Educational Telecommunications, 1( 4 ) , 337-365. Spodick, E. ( 1995 ) .The development of distance acquisition. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University of Science A ; Technology. Willis, B ( n.d. ) .Distance education- a practical usher. United states: University of Idaho Engineering Outreach Staff. How to cite Education Essays – Distance Learning Classroom, Essay examples

Impact of Economic Globalization on Asia-Free Samples for Student

Question: What Is the Impact of Economic Globalization on Asia? Answer: Introduction A holistic definition of globalization would refer to the process in which people from all parts of the world interact. This interaction is facilitated by the easy exchange of services and goods due to low costs of communication and faster modes of transport that are also cost-effective. As reported by (Blofield, 2014), the development of new technologies has led to faster rates of movement by people and communication networks that have ability to cover areas beyond a countrys borders. This has resulted to sharing of ideas among different countries in the world. Globalization can be acquired through different ways like; hyperglobalizers, denationalization and transformationalist. According to Kamat (2011), globalization is explained as the entrance into a new age in the history of mankind which is mainly through denationalization. (Beeson, 2014) asserted that the hyperglobalists base their argument on the civilization of mankind while denationalist focus more on the economy of the wo rld. An argument from a sceptics point of view suggests that globalization does not unify the countries in the world instead it has led to development of trading blocs which has subdivided the world into different regions according to Hu-Dehart (2003). The trading blocs have hampered trade and other economic activities among people in the world since such activities are maintained within the blocs. The perspective of globalization by transformationalists is that countries all over the world should embrace the changes occurring in the developing world. The role of trasformationalist in the concept of globalization is to link hyperglobalizers and denationalists. However, the transformationalists are not partial in their argument since they do not agree with either of the two groups instead they give their own understanding of globalization. According to (Beneria, 2015) they view globalization as gradual changes that are historical but which continue defying the actual meaning of the global village phenomenon. Following crises in Asia resulting from globalization, there are several characteristics of this concept that were established as reported by (Cavusgil, 2014) First is the dependent economic relationships among countries has been brought about by shared technologies and communication that is more effective. Secondly is the emergence of groups that have continued to pose challenge to the governments. These groups might be non-governmental or even civic. The third characteristic is erosion of indigenous cultures western influence. This has made many countries to lose their original identity and cultural heritage. There has also been rise of challenges that are shared among bordering countries and solutions to such challenges can only be achieved after an intervention by all the countries affected. According to (Fujita, 2013), globalization has led to regulation of the governance of different countries through standards that are set to guide the way in which governing is done. These common standards may disadvantage some nations ( Manu, 2013). Globalization can cover different disciplines namely; economic globalization, political globalization and cultural globalization. In this case we are going to discuss the impact of economic globalization in Asia and the world at large. Impact of economic globalization (Asia) There are several threats that have been established by the Asian governments concerning the impact of economic globalization. One of these threats is consumption of energy by Asian countries. The rate of energy consumption has increased due to fast development and this has led to overdependence on energy imported from other countries. There has been a pollution/degradation on the environment due to the large amounts of energy used in the Asian countries.(Obrien, 2016) reported that another threat is in the availability of water and also food which has been largely affected by the degradation of the environment and also population pressure. The high population has a high demand for water and food. Efforts made to solve this problem for instance the conventional agriculture have borne no fruits since the population has continued to grow there for maintaining the scarcity of these resources. As reported by (Micic, 2009), Asian countries are also faced by threats from terrorism which is attributed to advancements in the transport and communication networks. Other threats brought by efficient transport and communication networks may be; illegal sale of weapons and also drugs. There is also a threat in the high number of immigrants into Asian countries considering the pressure that already exists in the population. For many years, globalization has played a key role in the economic status, the policies made by states and other production activities in Asian countries. According to (Harvie, 2016) the effects of globalization are evident in countries that are new in industrialization due to use of second tier state models of development. There were crisis in the economy of Asia in 1997 and this created a need for an investigation on the state models of development. In this investigation, the demerits of globalization on the state models were established and also the future challenges that may arise from globalization to affect Asian countries. Globalization impact on Asian countries has negatively affected unity among the nations. The security of Asian nations has been affected by globalization. These effects of globalization on the security status are both positive and negative. Some parts of Asia especially the southern part has benefit from globalization since a reduction in conflict cases. A positive impact of economic globalization is evidenced by the empowerment of governments of Asian countries. This has led to sovereignty in these countries since international affairs do not interfere with the political stability of the countries. (Murram, 2014) reported that some of the countries like Indonesia have faced the negative impact of globalization on their government. Globalization has not only interfered with their economy but also with their political status. This interference has resulted to emergence of different categories of political groups. According to (Henderson, 2002) some of the groups have benefited from the idea but others have continued to suffer the consequences. These political divisions have separated the people according to their ethnicity. The group that suffers the consequences is the one that comprises mainly of Chinese. Globalization advocates for an authoritarian/ dictatorial type of governance. In addition, the nations that have adopted the democratic system of government stand a better position than countries with dictatorial system of governance since they have escaped crisis related to their finances. (Lambin 2011) asserted that the production level should not be measured using the value of GDP only; instead specialization of products should be put into consideration. This specialization of products gives accurate date on the rate of development of global economy. The specialized products should specifically intra-products. Regionalism has led to economic developments especially in countries that are in the south of Asia for example Cambodia. Economic globalization has an impact of flows of finance and capital in Asia. Taxation is also an impact of economic globalization and also trade. Trade has arisen due to the distribution of natural resources that is not even. Through trade, counties can acquire services and goods that they do not produce. The efforts being made by Asian countries to solve globalization-related problems have implied a threat on United States of America. According to (Hirst, 2015) these solutions will alter the relations between the US and Asian countries. The problem- solving process will only take place if the Americans accept the fact that they have eroded the culture and also the unity among Asian countries. However the Asians have to be emphatic and stop bedeviling the western country since the impacts of globalization cut across all continents. This is the only way that the Asians and also the entire world are going to find solutions to various problems brought by globalization. Benefits and Disadvantages of the Impacts of economic globalization As discussed earlier, there are several impacts on Asia brought about by economic globalization and they include; advancements in technology, political influence, flow of finance and capital, taxation, emergence of regional organizations. The advancements made to improve technology have benefits and also disadvantages. Modern technology has created easier methods of carrying out tasks for instance the learners can gather any information they need in the world without having to travel to other countries (Stubbs, 2009). All this information can be accessed using a computer that is connected to internet. The internet contains many books in all disciplines learnt in schools and universities. Employers and owners of firms can now save money spent on human labour since with advancement in technology has brought about automation and mechanization of work. There is therefore no need to hire employees. As reported by (Beneria 2015), modern technology has promoted other discoveries especially in the medical field due to effective computers and medical devices that have been developed. Industries that apply advanced technology in their production process achieve higher results since machines have the ability to produce at a higher rate than human. The accuracy in technology driven production is higher than where human labour is involved. This is because machines possess characteristics that normal human lacks for instance, machines can operate continuously without fatigue. In the modern society, people are becoming more dependent on technology and they use it in almost everything they do. This is a disadvantage. This overreliance on machines has resulted in a technology-control led life in that incase of any failure by the machines, then the daily activities of human are paralyzed. For instance if there was a failure in power supply, huge losses would be made in most production companies. Technology has replaced human workers in various industries and companies. According to (Blowfield, 2014), this has led to high rates of unemployment since the demand for human labour has gone down. The high rate of unemployment has in turn brought poverty among the jobless population in Asia. This incidence is common in countries like India where the high population and use of technology in production has resulted in joblessness. The flow of cash and capital as an impact of economic globalization has various benefits. Resources that are static can be distributed in all parts of the world. This is achieved through adoption of specialization in production processes. As reported by (Harvie, 2016), finances that are static can be acquired through economic globalization. It is through different productions done in different countries in the world. Organizations dealing with finance have continued to compete and this has resulted in provision of quality services and products. Through the flow of capital and finances costs such as rents can be evaded. Economic interdependence as an impact of economic globalization has its benefits and disadvantages. However, the interdependence has more benefits on countries all over the World. The main reason why there are these economic interactions is due to unequal distribution of resources available in the nature, as report (Danciu, 2004). Countries can acquire goods and services that they do not produce through economic interdependence. The economic interdependence has led to diversity since people from different parts of the world can exchange ideas for instant the dishes cooked by different people in different countries. Through economic interdependence, job opportunities are created for all people in the world since employment can be sought from any country. This will help in solving pr oblems especially poverty resulting from unemployment. Global economic interdependence has disadvantages. According to (Pricon, 2003), the availability of global markets has made most citizens to neglect their locally produced goods and services. This is because of the high quality products that are sold in the global markets at relatively low costs. Economic interdependence may result to sharing of economic crisis among countries that trade in majority of their product. In case of incidences such as inflation, the economy of trading nations deteriorates. Conclusion The impact of globalization on Asian has contributed to international goods flow and also utilized the capital in various projects of investments. The flow of goods and investment of capital have affected various regions in Asia. The criterion used in distribution of resources is through the technological level of a country. With the changes accompanying globalization, there is need to ensure equality in distribution of resources among all countries. The cases where some countries have much better resources than others due to their high economic status should be eliminated. References Beeson, M. (2014). Regionalism and globalization in East Asia: politics, security and economics development. Palgrave Macmillan. Beneria, L., Berik, G., Floro, M. (2015).Gender, development and globalization: economics as if all people mattered. Routledge Blowfield, M., Murray, A. (2014).Corporate responsibility . Oxford University press Cavusgil, S. T.., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J. R., Rammal, H, G., Rose, E.L. (2014). International business.Pearson Australia. Danciu, V. (2004) Competitive Strategic Marketing. An international approach, Economics Publisher, Buchares. Fujita, M., Thesse, J. F. (2013). Economics of agglomeration: cities, industries location, and globalization. Cambridge University Press. Harvie, C., Van Hoa, T. (2016). The causes and impact of the Asian financial crisis. Springer Hay, C., Marsh, D. (Eds) . 2016).Demystifying globalization. Springer Henderson, J., Dicken, P., Hess, M., Coe, N., Yeug, H. W. C. (2002). Global production networks and the analysis of economic development. Review of international political economy. Hirst, p., Thompson, G., Bromley, S. (2015). Globalization in question. John wiley sons Hu-Dehart, E. (2003). Globalization and Its Discontents Exposing the Underside. A Journal of Women Studies, 24.23 (2003) 244-260 Kamat, S. (2011). Neoliberalism, urbanism and the education economy Management: producing Hyderabad as a global city, Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 32:2, 187-202, DOI: 10.1080/01596306.2011.565639 Lambin, E. F., Meyfroidt, P. (2011). Global land use change, economic globalization, and the looming land scarcity. Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences. Manu, B. (2013). Building the Base for Stronger, Better Distributed Growth: Southeast Asian Affairs, 26:5, 617-644, DOI: 10.1080/09502386.2012.711006 Obrien, R., Williams, M. (2016). Global political economy Management: Evolution and dynamics. Palgrave Macmillan Pricop, M., Tanu, A. (2003) Globalisation, protectionism and company`s strategy, Tribuna Economic?, Bucharest, Stubbs, R. (2009). What ever happened to the East Asian Developmental State? The unfolding debate, The Pacific Review, 22:1, 1-22. Tani, B. (2012). Debates over Colonial Modernity In East Asia And Another Alternative, Cultural Studies, 26:5, 617-644, DOI: 10.1080/09502386.2012.711006

The Traditional Industry of Coconut Oil Essay Example

The Traditional Industry of Coconut Oil Essay The Traditional Industry of Manufacturing Coconut Oil: Opportunities to increase productivity and enhance the product and process quality Abstract The main purpose of this study is to discuss how an existing traditional/indigenous industry of the village can be made more competitive business to suit present context of business by introducing feasible technologies to increase productivity and enhance the product and process quality with the use of the entrepreneurial skills and knowledge on engineering business. To accomplish this first of all it is necessary to identify such a traditional/indigenous industry of the village and study its indigenous technologies that are being used at the moment. There the traditional coconut oil industry has been selected and discussed its existing technology and ways to increase productivity and enhance the product and process quality. However there are many more things await which can be used to the development of the industry. Therefore if certain actions are taken on behalf of development of this industry the traditional coconut oil industry will act a major role among the money spinning industries of Sri Lanka. We will write a custom essay sample on The Traditional Industry of Coconut Oil specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Traditional Industry of Coconut Oil specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Traditional Industry of Coconut Oil specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer But today Sri Lanka has fallen into a very pathetic situation where we import coconut from India. It is due to the very poor attention we have had on it. However Coconut plantations are concentrated in the south of the Northwestern province and in the north of the Western province, named the â€Å"coconut triangle†, though it is grown in home gardens and in isolated plots in other parts of the country. A major portion of average annual coconut crop production is directly used for domestic consumption (for cooking purposes). The rest is mainly used by two industries, namely DC and the rest for producing coconut oil. Coconut oil is the most consuming natural oil in Sri Lanka. Coconut oil is used for cooking, making Ayurveda medicine and for many more domestic and industrial applications. Since coconut oil acts a major role in Sri Lankan market. Studying about Sri Lankan traditional coconut oil industry and trying to develop it, is also important. Both supply and demand constraints have resulted in under capacity operation in most coconut oil factories and, hence, less profits. The cost of the raw material, coconut, is responsible for a major portion of the total cost. Therefore, the price of coconut, which is dependent on many factors, such as the supply situation (which depends on weather conditions and seasons), the demand of the coconut oil industry and, to a lesser extent, the export price of DC, has a significant influence on the cost of production. For its survival and growth, the coconut oil industry has to implement cost cutting measures by improved process efficiencies, such as energy conservation and management, and adopting cleaner production technologies. Only a very few studies are available on the energy use, pollution generation and other related issues of the Sri Lankan coconut oil manufacturing sector. The objective of this report is to describe briefly the production process and techniques, type of fuels used, energy use pattern and pollution generation. Options to improve the energy efficiency, productivity, enhance the product and process quality and minimize the negative environmental effects of coconut oil manufacturing industries in Sri Lanka are then discussed. 2. Raw materials and machines In the coconut oil industry seasoned coconuts (coconut kernels) are used as the main raw material. In addition to that firewood is used as fuel to dry coconut kernels. A burner which dries coconut by hot air uses this firewood. Additionally a cutting machine employs to shred coconut kernels and an oil mill employs to grind and press shredded and dried coconut kernels to get coconut oil. 1. Tray type dryer Tray dryers are industrial devices using heat to dry a large amount of flat trays at one time. The processed trays contain shredded coconut kernels. The dryer uses warm, dry air forced through blowers in a sealed area. Tray dryers are essentially large wooden cabinets. Inside the cabinet notches hold trays in place while they dry. Once loaded with trays, the cabinet doors close and forced hot air does the drying. The simple design of tray dryer makes it easy to operate. 2. Oil mill In the oil mill there is a cone shaped container where shredded and dried coconut kernels are comprised. Two metal tubes where one goes through the other are connected to the bottom of this container. The inner tube rotates and shredded coconut kernels flows between the outer and inner tubes where the gap between these two tubes can be adjusted which means the pressure applies on shredded coconut kernel can be adjusted. There are screw cuts on the body of inner tube which make it possible to flow shredded coconut kernels in a certain direction. The outer tube contains two holes at the bottom and the top of the remote end of it, from the container. The bottom hole is covered with a crannied filter which is connected to another small tube which carries out coconut oil from the oil mill. The upper hole provides a way to oil cake to come out from the oil mill. 3. Process and techniques The process of manufacturing coconut oil begins with removing the husks of seasoned coconuts manually. Then it needs to remove the shells and to pair and split manually. At the next stage coconut kernels are washed manually. Then with the above mentioned cutting machine coconut kernels are shredded. After that these shredded coconut kernels are dried in a tray type drier by using hot air provides from a burner which burns firewood. When these shredded coconut kernels are dried into a satisfactory amount they are grinded and pressed with a certain amount of pressure which is provided by the oil mill and it supplies filtered coconut oil as the output. There oil cake is produced as a byproduct. This byproduct is used again in the oil mill and it is subjected to a higher pressure to get oil. Like this same process continues for two, three times with same oil cake. Then the oil produced by the oil mill is collected in barrels. These oil barrels are released to the market. 4. Losses of energy The high thermal energy consumption in drying stage is due to the inefficiencies and large thermal energy losses. And these energy losses are mainly due to wastage of thermal energy to the environment as the wooden cabinets are not fully sealed. In the same time as the tray type dryer does not have sensors to indicate when shredded coconut kernels are completely dried, blowers can continue heating the cabinet even after these shredded coconut kernels have completely dried. The tray type drier consumes more energy than advanced continuous dryers and takes a longer drying time. Incomplete combustion of firewood and low efficiency of burners in wood fired burners also reduce the overall efficiency of the whole system. 5. Related environmental pollution Two types of waste, liquid and solid, are generated, apart from the gases produced during the combustion process of fuel. The main waste is the coconut water (sap), which is mixed with normal washing water and discharged, with a little treatment, to neighboring lands and water bodies, causing severe environmental damages to vegetation, ground water resources and water bodies. The only treatment done is the removal of oil sludge after allowing the wastewater to be retained in open pits for some time. This sludge is sold as a lubricant to the tile industry. In this kind of traditional coconut oil manufacturing industries, where firewood is used to generate hot air, wood ash is a waste product. These ash stocks are dumped on the industry premises itself. The industry is saddled with a local environmental problem due to the large quantities of wastewater that have to be discharged. Wastewater has high concentrations of biodegradable compounds, including carbohydrates, oil and grease. A traditional factory usually discharges wastewater, consisting of both coconut sap and wash water. At the time the industry was set up pollution was not a major concern, and the industry enjoyed the freedom to discharge wastewater without being resisted either by neighboring dwellers or by environmental authorities. With the increase of settlements near factories and also with the imposition of discharge standards, the industry is forced to find a lasting solution. 1. Greenhouse gases and other emissions The gaseous emissions of the coconut oil industry due to the combustion of firewood have been estimated as: CO2, CO, SO2, NO2. On the other hand, though the coconut shell is a solid waste in the process of coconut oil manufacturing, as it is either sold to charcoal manufacturers or burned within the premises to make charcoal. Also the role of coconut shells sums up with an environmental pollution. 6. Improving energy efficiency, productivity, product quality and environmental friendliness Though the industry is economically important, it has to struggle for its survival due to supply and demand constraints, process deficiencies and inefficiencies arising from technology obsolescence, escalating input costs and, more importantly, the environmental challenges. Some of them indeed are beyond the control of the industry. Some options available to the industry are described below: 1. Energy efficiency options Energy efficiency can be improved by adopting better operational and housekeeping practices and using energy efficiency dryers. In traditional mills, Several sensors which deliver information about the moisture level inside the dryer cabinet can be employed to make sure that the shredded coconut kernels are not unnecessarily heated. Better operation and maintenance of existing equipment, such as improvement in the performance of tray type dryer by reducing its idling time. Operating at rated capacity and controlling the quantity and temperature of the supplied air and residence time can reduce energy use. Insulation of dryer and reduction in loading/unloading time of coconut meat can help achieving further energy savings. Waste heat recovery can be another important means to reuse heat fuel consumption is possible by installation of suitable waste heat recovery systems. An important source of waste heat recovery is dryer flue gas. The recovered heat can be employed in the same path to improve the efficiency. Making sure that the tray dryer cabinet is fully sealed by coating it with clay is another aspect to recover heat wastage. To avoid contamination, the flue gas should not come into direct contact with the coconut meat. In order to accomplish this purpose several filters can be used to filter the flue gas. Another way of energy saving is possible by changing from the traditional tray type dryer to a fluidized bed dryer. This would also result in the reduction of CO2 and CO emission by a considerable amount. 2. Use of coconut shells in industry A large number of coconut shells are made available as a byproduct of the coconut oil industry. Most of them are burned in open pits to produce charcoal for the activated carbon industry. This process emits a lot of harmful gases, creating severe environmental problems. If efficient carbonization of coconut shells were adopted, the waste heat of the process could be used for generating hot air, and the environmental hazard could be eliminated. This is an ideal option for an traditional coconut oil industry that need to be modernized, and though the cost of the coconut shell carbonization system is relatively much higher this will reduce the fuel consumption of the burner and, at the same time, produce charcoal out of coconut shells. There is also further development and improvements. The improvements could be done in all three stages, which consist of shell burning, waste heat recovery and using the heat in dryers. 3. Uses of other byproducts The oil cake obtained as a byproduct will find a ready market as a cattle feed and in the manufacture of mixed cattle feeds or as a raw material for the extraction of remaining oil by solvent extraction method. Therefore through oil cake an extra profit can be gained easily. 4. Wastewater treatment A pilot wastewater treatment plant can be built in near the traditional coconut oil manufacturing factory using an anaerobic digestion system. This had been earlier developed and tested in the laboratory by the National Engineering Research and Development Centre (NERD). It is expected that the BOD and COD levels of the wastewater after treatment will be reduced to acceptable limits, and the biogas generated will find useful applications (to supplement dryer fuel, lighting, water boiling etc. ) within the factory. However, in order to reduce the initial investment of the treatment plants the wastewater generated needs to be reduced by separating the coconut sap from the wash water. Positive results of this plant will benefit not only the coconut oil industry in overcoming their pollution problems but also the people living in the vicinity of traditional coconut oil manufacturing factory who have been suffering from the environmental degradation. 5. Awaiting applications for sap No organized attempts have been made to identify new applications for coconut sap so that its value can be upgraded instead of trying to treat it s a waste product. Therefore, it is suggested to explore the possibility of converting the liquid effluent to a consumable product. The sap contains 1. 5% fat and very valuable minerals, such as iron, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and small quantities of phosphorous. There is a considerable market for coconut water based products, for example, in Taiwan, and the techno logy is available in the Philippines, Thailand and China. Promotion of technology transfer through joint ventures and local research and development works could, thus, reduce waste and increase profits. 7. Conclusion and Recommendations Beyond doubt, the traditional coconut oil industry is one of the nationally important indigenous industries of Sri Lanka. Therefore, it is the responsibility of all stakeholders to contribute to the sustainability of the industry. Though coconut oil industry production is not very energy intensive, the energy use influences the overall efficiency of the coconut oil industry operation and the cost of production. For the Sri Lankan coconut oil industry sector to be competitive in the global market, measures to reduce energy consumption would help to reduce the cost of production and generation of pollutants. On the part of the industry, all measures should be taken to improve the process efficiencies by acquiring new technologies and through better energy management practices in order to enhance the overall productivity of the operation. Implementation of energy saving devices and better energy management may lead to a reduction of CO2 emission and also reduce the cost of environmental cleanup. Research and development organizations should work with the industry to identify technology gaps and to suggest solutions. The government also has to play a key role in funding the research and development activities, as the industry alone may not be able to bear the full cost due to the high risk of such activities. Once a technology is identified or developed and if it is economically feasible, industry should come forward to embrace such technologies. In the case of environmental protection technologies, industry should even be prepared to forego some of its profits as a responsible stratum of the society. In this process, the government could create a conducive and enabling environment by utting in place the right policies. Recognition of the industry for its economic contribution and eliminating policy biases, if any, against the industry are also vital for its sustainability. 8. References 1) Coconut Kernel Products: Coconut Oil The Coconut Development Authority (CDA) of Sri Lanka 2) Types of Tray Dryer by Benjamin Arie, eHow Contributor 3) Desiccated coconut industry of Sri Lanka by S. Kumar, G. Senanayake, C. Visvanathan and B. Basu 4) Anaerobic wastewater treatment: Anaerobic wastewater treatment for industrial and domestic wastewater by Wim Wiegant PhD and Nico Groeneveld MSc ) Water Quality Indicators: BOD and COD by Milton Beychok 6) Waste heat from coconut shell carbonization DFID Project 6087, co-funded with the Common Fund for Commodities 9. Appendix ? BOD and COD Both the BOD and COD tests are a measure of the relative oxygen-depletion effect of a waste contaminant. Both have been widely adopted as a measure of pollution effect. The BOD test measures the oxygen demand of biodegradable pollutants whereas the COD test measures the oxygen demand of bio gradable pollutants plus the oxygen demand of non-biodegradable oxidizable pollutants. Anaerobic digestion system of wastewater treatment Anaerobic wastewater treatment differs from conventional aerobic treatment in that no aeration is applied. The absence of oxygen leads to controlled anaerobic conversions of organi c pollutants to carbon dioxide and methane, the latter of which can be utilized as energy source. The main advantages of anaerobic treatment are the very high loading rates that can be applied (10 to 20 times as high as in conventional activated sludge treatment) and the very low operating costs. Anaerobic treatment often is very cost-effective in reducing discharge levies combined with the production of reusable energy in the form of biogas. ? Waste heat recovery unit (WHU) The application of a coconut shell carbonization with waste heat recovery unit was developed to virtually eliminate the evolution of noxious smoke evolved during the charcoal-making operation and simultaneously enable the heat generated during the process – heat normally lost to the surroundings – to be used in the production of copra (dried coconut kernels).

The Power of Sample Best Essay Examples

The Power of Sample Best Essay ExamplesIn writing your essay, one of the best examples of what a good essay should be like are the sample best essay examples. These essay examples are published in books and magazines for students to refer to for ideas on how to write their essay. A list of sample best essay examples is actually a collection of different essays. So, for each of these samples, there are an equal number of student examples, in terms of the number of different things the students learned from the books and magazines.These books and magazines come at very convenient times, because they help students formulate and determine the theme of their student essay. The subject matter that will make up the whole composition is learned by reading the student essays and from these it is formulated. In this way, the composition can be composed with the use of different types of examples and forms to be used. The same is the case with these essay examples that are categorized in sample form.Students must be careful in choosing a topic that can serve as a good example of how to write a good essay. The topic of the paper will be something that will be placed within the framework of the entire essay. It will be introduced within the introduction of the entire essay. Therefore, it must be prepared as well. This is why the subject matter of the essay is important in determining the best examples.The subject matter must have enough space for the writer to express his/her thoughts in the most unique way possible. Writing should not only be fast but it must also be beautiful. It should also not be too long nor too short. If the essay has too much information, it might turn out to be too technical in the process of comprehension.There are different types of topics that can be used as the basis of an essay. Some are more academic than others and may have a syllabus to be followed for the writing. Other types of topics are common sense or life experiences that can make the student's thoughts more interesting and relevant. This is the reason why there are sample best essay examples for these topics.Since there are no rules about what should be written in an essay, it depends on the writer's discretion on what exactly to write. This means that the essay must always be relevant and will match the topic of the essay. The topic must also be useful in leading the reader to the conclusion of the essay. The purpose of the essay is not only to express the thoughts of the writer, but also to attract the attention of the reader.There are some sample best essay examples that are based on the most recent things happening in the world of academia and today's world. For example, if it is about the prevalence of plagiarism, then the essay examples will contain examples of plagiarism. In this way, the student can have an idea of what plagiarism is and what the difference between plagiarism and its consequences are. However, since there are many examples that are based on current events, the student can choose which of the examples is best for him/her to use in writing his/her own essay.While writing, it is also important to follow the common sense rules that have been established in the academic field. This is because using bad examples will get the attention of the reader and this is one thing that will not be good to do. Using good examples and applying the common sense rules will help the student to write a good essay that will be accepted by the professor.